Secoergosta-5,7,10(19),22-tetraen-3-ol, (3beta,5Z,7E,22E)-
Vitamin D2
CAS: 50-14-6
Molecular Formula: C28H44O
Secoergosta-5,7,10(19),22-tetraen-3-ol, (3beta,5Z,7E,22E)- - Names and Identifiers
Secoergosta-5,7,10(19),22-tetraen-3-ol, (3beta,5Z,7E,22E)- - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | C28H44O |
| Molar Mass | 396.65 |
| Density | 0.9784 (rough estimate) |
| Melting Point | 114-118°C(lit.) |
| Boling Point | 460.3°C (rough estimate) |
| Specific Rotation(α) | 82 º (c=3, in acetone 25 ºC) |
| Flash Point | 14 °C |
| Water Solubility | Soluble in ethanol, water, methanol, dimethylformamide, and dimethyl sulfoxide. |
| Solubility | Soluble in ethanol (1:2), ether (1:2), acetone (1:10) and chloroform (1:0.7), insoluble in water. |
| Vapor Presure | 7 x l0-7 Pa (20 °C), est.) |
| Appearance | White needle crystal or crystalline powder |
| Color | white to yellowish |
| Merck | 14,10018 |
| BRN | 1916682 |
| pKa | 14.74±0.20(Predicted) |
| Storage Condition | -20°C |
| Sensitive | `sensitive` to water and moisture, `sensitive` to light |
| Refractive Index | 1.5100 (estimate) |
| MDL | MFCD00166988 |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Melting Point: 118 - 119 |
| Use | Mainly used for the prevention and treatment of rickets, osteomalacia, infantile tetany, etc |
Secoergosta-5,7,10(19),22-tetraen-3-ol, (3beta,5Z,7E,22E)- - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R22 - Harmful if swallowed R48/25 - R26 - Very Toxic by inhalation R24/25 - R40 - Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect R23/24/25 - Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. R48/22 - Harmful danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure if swallowed. R23 - Toxic by inhalation R11 - Highly Flammable R20 - Harmful by inhalation |
| Safety Description | S28 - After contact with skin, wash immediately with plenty of soap-suds. S36/37 - Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) S28A - S36 - Wear suitable protective clothing. S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S36/37/39 - Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. S22 - Do not breathe dust. S16 - Keep away from sources of ignition. S7 - Keep container tightly closed. |
| UN IDs | UN 2811 6.1/PG 2 |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| RTECS | KE1050000 |
| FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 1-8-10 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 29362900 |
| Hazard Class | 6.1(a) |
| Packing Group | II |
Secoergosta-5,7,10(19),22-tetraen-3-ol, (3beta,5Z,7E,22E)- - Reference
| Reference Show more | 1. Hu Junjie, Li Yan, Cui Huanhuan. Effect of monobasic fatty acid glyceride/phospholipid complex on Bioaccessibility of fat-soluble nutrients in infant formula milk emulsion [J]. Food and machinery, 2020,36(09):33-37 42. 2. Ding Li, Ouyang Wuqing. Quality Evaluation of compound vitamin Nanoemulsion injection [J]. Progress in animal medicine, 2020,41(11):79-83. |
Secoergosta-5,7,10(19),22-tetraen-3-ol, (3beta,5Z,7E,22E)- - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
white columnar crystal or crystalline powder, odorless and tasteless. Very soluble in chloroform, soluble in ethanol, ether, cyclohexane and acetone, slightly soluble in vegetable oil, insoluble in water. Good heat resistance, but unstable to light, easy to oxidize in the air.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
Secoergosta-5,7,10(19),22-tetraen-3-ol, (3beta,5Z,7E,22E)- - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
vitamin D2 is naturally found in liver, milk and egg yolk. It is industrially extracted from vegetable oils or yeast, and is soluble in chloroform or cyclohexane, it is converted into vitamin D2 by irradiation with ultraviolet light.
Last Update：2022-01-01 10:09:28
Secoergosta-5,7,10(19),22-tetraen-3-ol, (3beta,5Z,7E,22E)- - Use
Open Data Verified Data
vitamin D2 can maintain normal metabolism of calcium and phosphorus, promote the absorption of calcium and phosphorus in the small intestine, and maintain the normal proportion of calcium and phosphorus in the blood, the calcium is converted into calcium phosphate, and the like is deposited into bone and tissue. Inadequate intake leads to rickets and osteomalacia. China's provisions can be used to strengthen the margarine, the use of 125 ~ 156ug/kgI in the fortified dairy products in the use of 63 ~ 125ug/kg; In fortified foods for infants and young children in the use of 50 ~ lOOug/kg; the amount used is 10-40ug/kg in fortified milk and milk beverage; The maximum amount used is 10-20ug/kg in fortified solid beverage and ice cream. In food is usually used in combination with vitamin A.
Last Update：2022-01-01 10:09:29
Secoergosta-5,7,10(19),22-tetraen-3-ol, (3beta,5Z,7E,22E)- - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
guinea pig oral LD50 40mg/kg.
Last Update：2022-01-01 10:09:29
Secoergosta-5,7,10(19),22-tetraen-3-ol, (3beta,5Z,7E,22E)- - Reference Information
| NIST chemical information | Information provided by: webbook.nist.gov (external link) |
| EPA chemical information | Information provided by: ofmpub.epa.gov (external link) |
| introduction | there are currently at least 10 kinds of vitamin d known, but the most important ones are vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) and vitamin D3 (bile calcification aldehyde). Vitamin D2 is produced by ergosterol in plants irradiated by ultraviolet rays, but the stock in nature is very small. Vitamin D3 is transformed from the 7-dehydrocholesterol contained in the human epidermis and dermis through ultraviolet radiation in sunlight. The safety of vitamin D2 is better than that of vitamin D3. Vitamin D refers to a group of fat-soluble steroid compounds, which have anti-rickets effects, so it is called anti-rickets vitamins. At present, there are at least ten kinds of sterols with vitamin D activity. The main ones are the ergosterol in vegetable oil or yeast. After sunlight or ultraviolet radiation, it produces vitamin D2, also known as calciferol or ergociferol. Therefore, ergosterol is called provitamin D2; the other is that the human body can convert cholesterol into 7-dehydrocholesterol and store it under the skin. Under sunlight and ultraviolet radiation, the latter can be converted into vitamin D3, also known as cholecalciferol, so 7-dehydrocholesterol is also called vitamin D3. The structures of vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 are very similar. They are both B- ring open-loop derivatives of the precursor sterol. The difference between the two is that there is an extra double bond and a methyl group on the side chain of vitamin D2. Vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 are colorless or white crystals, both odorless, melting points are 115~118 ℃ and 84~85 ℃, insoluble in water, soluble in ethanol, ether, acetone, etc., slightly soluble in vegetable oil. It is unstable in air and sunlight, and is easily inactivated in humid air, but vitamin D3 is more stable than vitamin D2. The physiological effects of the two in the human body are the same; their main function is to maintain the normal metabolism of calcium and phosphorus, and promote the deposition of calcium and phosphorus into bones and tissues, so this product can be used to prevent and treat metabolic diseases such as rickets and osteomalacia Bone disease. Vitamins D2 and D3 have the same effect on mammalian cows and pigs. However, the activity of vitamin D3 on poultry (birds) is ten times stronger than that of vitamin D2. |
| pharmacological action | vitamin D2 is a vitamin drug, which can promote the absorption of calcium and the reabsorption of phosphorus by renal tubules, increase the concentration of blood calcium and phosphorus, cooperate with parathyroid hormone calcitonin, promote the release of calcium carbonate from old bones, and maintain and regulate the normal concentration of plasma calcium and phosphorus. |
| indications | 1. for prevention and treatment of vitamin d deficiency. Such as: absolute vegetarians, patients with parenteral nutrition, pancreatic insufficiency with malabsorption syndrome, hepatobiliary diseases (liver function damage, liver cirrhosis, obstructive jaundice), small bowel diseases (fatty diarrhea, localized enteritis, long-term Diarrhea), gastrectomy, etc. 2. For the treatment of chronic hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, rickets and osteomalacia with chronic renal insufficiency, familial hypophosphatemia and hypoparathyroidism (postoperative, idiopathic or pseudoparathyroidism). 3. It is used to treat acute, chronic and potential hand-foot convulsion and idiopathic hand-foot convulsion after surgery. |
| deficiency | vitamin d2 is a kind of nutrient that people are very familiar with, and it is also an essential substance to maintain the health and stability of various functions inside the human body. if vitamin d2 deficiency occurs in the human body, it will cause rickets, rickets, twitches of hands and feet and other abnormal diseases, therefore, we must attach great importance to and understand vitamin d2. |
| function and function | 1, vitamin d2 may help us effectively improve the absorption of calcium and phosphorus in our body, making the levels of plasma calcium and plasma phosphorus in our body at a relatively saturated level, thus effectively ensuring the health and stability of all functions in our body. 2. In addition, vitamin d2 can also help us to promote the growth of the body and calcification of bones, as well as the health and integrity of teeth. Therefore, vitamin d2 has a very important practical significance for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, which is a part we need to understand. 3. Vitamin d2 can help the intestinal wall to increase the absorption of phosphorus, and it can further increase the reabsorption of phosphorus in the renal tubules. 4. Vitamin d2 has very important practical significance for maintaining the normal level of citrate in the blood. This is also one of the functions of vitamin d2 that we must not ignore. 5. Finally, vitamin d2 can also help us effectively prevent the loss of amino acids through the kidney area. |
| adverse reactions | constipation, diarrhea, persistent headache, loss of appetite, metallic taste in mouth, nausea and vomiting, thirst, fatigue and weakness. Bone pain, turbid urine, convulsions, high blood pressure, increased eye sensitivity to light stimulation, arrhythmia, occasional mental abnormalities, skin itching, myalgia, severe abdominal pain (sometimes misdiagnosed as pancreatitis), nocturnal polyuria, weight loss. Short-term intake of large doses or long-term overdose of vitamin D2 can lead to severe toxic reactions. Hypercalcemia caused by vitamin D2 poisoning. |
| application | vitamin D2 is a steroid derivative, an active substance related to calcium and phosphorus metabolism, and plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of rickets in children and osteoporosis in the elderly. at present, there are 96 kinds of pharmaceutical preparations with vitamin D2 as the main component. Vitamin D2 is also an indispensable and important additive in feed, it can significantly improve the egg production rate and lean meat production rate of livestock; vitamin D2 is also a synthetic raw material for drugs such as calcitriol, calcitriol, carpothritol and paricalcitol, so it is a very important Pharmaceutical and fine chemical products. |
| toxicity | acute poisoning dose 100mg/d (adult, oral). The lethal dose of mice was 20mg/kg(6 days). Overdose is prone to poisoning. GRAS(FDA,§ 182.5950,2000). LD50 42mg/kg (rat, oral). |
| usage limit | GB 14880-94(μg/kg): liquid milk 10~20; Margarine 125~156; Dairy products 63~125; Milk and milk drinks 10~40; Infant food 50~115.GB 2760-2002(pg/kg): solid beverage, ice cream, 10~20; Lotus root starch 50~10.; Soybean milk powder, soybean powder, 15~60; Soymilk, soy milk, 3~15; Jelly 10~40; Instant breakfast cereal, 12.5~37.5; Puffed sandwich food 10~60. FDA,§ 184.1950(IU/100g;2001): breakfast cereal 350; Granular and pasty products 90; Milk 42; Dairy products 89. |
| use | biochemical research; Clinical drugs are fat-soluble vitamins, which promote intestinal calcium and phosphorus absorption and help bone calcification. They are clinically used to prevent and treat rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. Vitamin D2 can maintain the normal metabolism of calcium and phosphorus, and can promote the body's absorption of calcium and phosphorus. When lacking, children are prone to rickets. According to regulations in China, it can be used for fortified margarine with an amount of 125~156 μg/kg; 63~125 μg/kg in fortified dairy products; 50~100 μg/kg in fortified infant food; 10~40 μg/kg in fortified milk and milk drinks; the maximum amount used in fortified solid beverages and ice cream is 10~20 μg/kg. It is mainly used to prevent rickets and osteomalacia. It can be converted from wheat sterol by ultraviolet light irradiation. It is mainly used for the prevention and treatment of rickets, osteomalacia, and tetany in infants. |
| production method | ergosterol is dissolved in ethanol, the ring is opened under ultraviolet light, the reaction liquid is concentrated under reduced pressure, frozen, and filtered. Filter liquid nitrogen, concentrate to dry under reduced pressure to obtain vitamin D2 crude oil, which is refined to obtain the finished product. Vitamin D2 naturally exists in liver, milk and egg yolk. The industrial production method is to first extract ergot calcium alcohol that cannot be absorbed by the human body from vegetable oil or yeast, and then dissolve it in chloroform or cyclohexane. Then use ultraviolet rays in a quartz glass flask to convert it into vitamin D2. ergosterol ethanol solution is irradiated by ultraviolet rays, and 9,10 bonds are broken to obtain crude vitamin D2, which is then esterified with 3, 5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride, and hydrolyzed and purified under alkaline conditions to obtain this product. |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
Last Update：2024-04-10 22:29:15
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